Monday, February 2, 2015

Positive Deviance



      Theological praxis / practice needs an empowering methodology that creates the connection between theory and practice. In the coming sections we will show that the solution for creating a bridge between theory and practice in theological praxis / practice is found in what is referred to as the Positive Deviance Approach. As mentioned in the opinion of this blog the alternate missional ecclesia / church, through their use of the Positive Deviance Approach, with their unique strategies and practices provided support for empowering contextualization. They were able to accomplish this with theological praxis / practice to create and sustain ecclesial / church communities amid marginalized people. The Positive Deviance Approach has been practiced long before it was known and understood by those who are its practitioners.[1]
      The Positive Deviance Approach requires a reorientation toward a leadership style where real cultural transformation transpires. Richard Pascale, an Associate Fellow of Said Business School at Oxford University, elaborates on the Positive Deviance Approach, it is “invisible in plain sight . . . invisible positive deviants often ‘don’t know what they know’ (i.e., don’t realize they are doing anything unusual or noteworthy).”[2] He goes onto explain that “the Positive Deviance process is a tool for adaptive work.”[3] His intent by this statement is to indicate that it is the “how” that takes priority over what as a priority. The movement is away from producing change or transformation from a propositional ideology to an organic practice of community. He views the approach as “disseminating through the practice of new behavior – not through explanation or edict.” The approach turns the hierarchical system upside down and empowers those who occupy the bottom to bring about change rather than dependence upon the leadership of experts. A couple examples of the application of the Positive Deviance Approach are the application of the process to combat childhood malnutrition in Vietnam through Save the Children, as well as to combat female genitalia mutilation in Egypt.[4]  The Positive Deviance Approach may be summarized as follows:
·          
  • Culture must be engaged from within culture. Transformation of a culture comes from within and not from above or outside the culture as in the exercise of cultural colonialism or imperialism.

  • Cultures and communities self-navigate and create their own identity through their resources and social assets to solve a problem.

  •  A community exercises collective intelligence by designing their own practices and is not focused within the leadership of a community alone, nor is it sourced from external experts but is scattered amid the community.
  • The community adapts to the internal diversity and transformation, thereby creating distinctive practices and strategies.
  • Sustainability is essential to the approach. The community seeks and creates the solutions to their problems in order to sustain change and the existence of a healthy community.
  • It is easier to change behavior by practicing it rather than knowing about it. “It is easier to act your way into a new way of thinking than think your way into a new way of acting.”[5] 
The Positive Deviance Approach is an anthropologically based approach that works amid a culture not to change the culture from outside, but from within. Engaging marginalized people amid the greater culture of Portland, Oregon requires an intuitive based theological praxis / practice to empower contextualization of the Gospel. As an approach it requires the practitioners to enter into a culture as a native, or at least as a welcomed guest to learn and understand a culture. This practice and strategy is counterintuitive to modernist missionary methods that follow a colonialist methodology. But this was not always the methodology of church. In future blog posts we will show that Jesus’ practices and strategies mirrored the Positive Deviance Approach amid his Judaic society and culture. Since Jesus is viewed as the exemplar of all Christian behaviors, practices and strategies great attention should be given to his intuitive methods. His engagement of the culture serves as the model for engaging marginalized people in contemporary society.



[1] Richard Pascale et al., The Power of Positive Deviance: How Unlikely Innovators Solve the World’s Toughest Problems (Harvard Business Press, 2010), 7.
[2] Ibid.
[3] Ibid., 8.
[4] http://www.positivedeviance.org/from_the_field/index.html
[5] Pascale et al., The Power of Positive Deviance, 190–194.

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